Static noise margins are exact voltage differences, not timing guarantees. Exact arithmetic here means exact results for the stated model inputs; measured inputs still carry uncertainty and significant-figure limits.

highlighted = computed this step

High margin subtracts input high from output high

The high output is 4 volts and the high input limit is 3 volts, leaving 1 volt of margin.

4 V3 V=1 V4\ \text{V} - 3\ \text{V} = 1\ \text{V}
High marginThe high margin vector matches the subtraction.highlowV4 VV3 VV2 VV1 V+-4 V+-3 V+-2 V+-1 Vmargins

Low margin subtracts output low from input low

The low input limit is 2 volts and the low output is 1 volt, leaving 1 volt.

2 V1 V=1 V2\ \text{V} - 1\ \text{V} = 1\ \text{V}
Low marginThe low margin vector matches the subtraction.highlowV4 VV3 VV2 VV1 V+-4 V+-3 V+-2 V+-1 Vmargins