High Margin Three-Row Scan - Electronic Circuits V: Front-End Conditioning and Gain Contracts Step by Step

Three driver-high rows show high noise margin as exact subtraction. Exact arithmetic here means exact results for the stated model inputs; measured inputs still carry uncertainty and significant-figure limits.

highlighted = computed this step

Four-volt HIGH leaves one volt of high margin

The receiver needs 3 volts for HIGH. A 4 volt driver output leaves 1 volt of high margin.

4\ \text{V} - 3\ \text{V} = 1\ \text{V}

Five-volt HIGH leaves two volts of high margin

Only the driver HIGH level changes. The input requirement stays 3 volts, so the high margin becomes 2 volts.

5\ \text{V} - 3\ \text{V} = 2\ \text{V}

Six-volt HIGH leaves three volts of high margin

The third row raises the driver HIGH level to 6 volts, leaving 3 volts of high margin.

6\ \text{V} - 3\ \text{V} = 3\ \text{V}