A projection-component-budget scan varies the axis angle across three rows, checking that the field components projected onto and across the polarizer axis add back to the input field row by row. The arithmetic is exact only for the stated fields, angles, and rows in the ideal lossless-polarizer model. Real measurements add bandwidth, alignment, detector calibration, polarizer extinction ratio, material dispersion/loss, finite precision, and measurement uncertainty.
Parallel and perpendicular components square back to the incident field. Exact arithmetic here means exact results for the stated model inputs; measured inputs still carry uncertainty and significant-figure limits.
highlighted = computed this step
Parallel and perpendicular squares keep the incident budget
Each projection row keeps the same incident field. The two checked components square back to the incident-field square.
E∥2+E⊥2=102+02=102
Parallel and perpendicular squares keep the incident budget
Each projection row keeps the same incident field. The two checked components square back to the incident-field square.
E∥2+E⊥2=82+62=102
Parallel and perpendicular squares keep the incident budget
Each projection row keeps the same incident field. The two checked components square back to the incident-field square.