Transmission-Line Audit Cites Every Source - Electromagnetic Transmission Lines: Signal Propagation and Reflections Step by Step

A final audit binds delay, launch, reflection, echo, and bounce ledgers. Exact arithmetic here means exact results for the stated model inputs; measured inputs still carry uncertainty and significant-figure limits.

highlighted = computed this step

The audit cites finite travel and launch power

The delay is 4 seconds, current is 3 amperes, and launch power is 36 watts.

4\ \text{s},\quad 3\ \text{A},\quad 36\ \text{W}

The audit keeps both mismatch and match claims visible

The mismatch coefficient is -1 over 3, while the matched reflected voltage is 0 volts.

\Gamma_{\text{mismatch}}={-1\over 3},\quad V_{-,\text{match}}=0\ \text{V}

The final accepted bit depends on every cited source

The echo arrives at 8 seconds and the bounce partial load total is 9 volts, so the audit accepts.

t_{\text{echo}}=8\ \text{s},\quad V_{\text{load}}=9\ \text{V}