A long line responds after a finite source-bound delay. Exact arithmetic here means exact results for the stated model inputs; measured inputs still carry uncertainty and significant-figure limits.

highlighted = computed this step

A line delay is length divided by signal speed

A 12 meter line with signal speed 3 meters per second has a checked travel time.

t=12 m÷3 m/st=12\ \text{m}\div 3\ \text{m/s}
Finite signal travelThe delay label is computed from length and speed.sourceloadlinelength 12 mspeed 3 m/sdelay 4 s

The step reaches the load after the checked delay

The one-way delay is 4 seconds, so the load cannot respond instantly.

tdelay=4 st_{\text{delay}}=4\ \text{s}
One-way delayThe source and load endpoints are separated by a checked delay.sourceloadlinelength 12 mspeed 3 m/sdelay 4 s