Reflections at Boundaries

Matched Termination Erases the Echo

A matched boundary sends no voltage step back. Exact arithmetic here means exact results for the stated model inputs; measured inputs still carry uncertainty and significant-figure limits.

highlighted = computed this step

A matched termination has zero coefficient

When load and line are both 4 ohms, the coefficient is 0.

Γ=0\Gamma=0
Matched coefficientMatched impedances make the coefficient zero.incidentreflectedline 4 ohmload 4 ohmGamma 0in 12 Vback 0 V

Zero coefficient erases the echo

The reflected voltage is 0 volts, so this boundary contributes no echo step.

V−=0 VV_{-}=0\ \text{V}
Echo erasedThe zero reflected label is checked by the model.incidentreflectedline 4 ohmload 4 ohmGamma 0in 12 Vback 0 V