Echo Launch-Time Three-Row Scan - Electromagnetic Transmission Lines: Signal Propagation and Reflections Step by Step

Echo arrival is scanned by changing only launch time. Exact arithmetic here means exact results for the stated model inputs; measured inputs still carry uncertainty and significant-figure limits.

highlighted = computed this step

Echo arrival shifts with launch time

The line delay is fixed here. Moving the launch later moves the return later by the same amount.

t_{\text{echo}}=t_{\text{launch}}+2t_{\text{one}}=0\ \text{s}+8\ \text{s}=8\ \text{s}

Echo arrival shifts with launch time

The line delay is fixed here. Moving the launch later moves the return later by the same amount.

t_{\text{echo}}=t_{\text{launch}}+2t_{\text{one}}=2\ \text{s}+8\ \text{s}=10\ \text{s}

Echo arrival shifts with launch time

The line delay is fixed here. Moving the launch later moves the return later by the same amount.

t_{\text{echo}}=t_{\text{launch}}+2t_{\text{one}}=5\ \text{s}+8\ \text{s}=13\ \text{s}