Strong duality turns a bound into a proof. This lesson places the flagship primal optimum beside the dual optimum and checks that their exact objective values match. The same numbers connect the geometric vertex and the simplex shadow prices.

highlighted = computed this step

Primal side

The primal optimum is (4/3, 4/3) with z=8/3. Why: this is the same vertex found by geometry and simplex.

zP=8/3z_P=8/3
Flagship certificateThe primal and dual optima are recomputed and shown side by side.Flagship certificatePrimal114/34/3Dual441/31/3cx*by*primal z=8/3 = dual z=8/3

Dual side

The dual optimum is (1/3, 1/3) with z=8/3. Why: these prices produce the smallest valid upper bound.

zD=8/3z_D=8/3
Flagship certificateThe primal and dual optima are recomputed and shown side by side.Flagship certificatePrimal114/34/3Dual441/31/3cx*by*primal z=8/3 = dual z=8/3

Equal values

The two objective values are equal at 8/3. Why: a primal feasible point and a matching dual feasible bound certify optimality.

zP=zD=8/3z_P=z_D=8/3
Flagship certificateThe primal and dual optima are recomputed and shown side by side.Flagship certificatePrimal114/34/3Dual441/31/3cx*by*primal z=8/3 = dual z=8/3

Diagram note

The paired tables are recomputed from the primal LP, its dual, and their exact optima. Pixel positions are rounded for layout; every number shown is exact.

matching primal and dual values certify optimality\text{matching primal and dual values certify optimality}
Flagship certificateThe primal and dual optima are recomputed and shown side by side.Flagship certificatePrimal114/34/3Dual441/31/3cx*by*primal z=8/3 = dual z=8/3