Dendrogram heights and topology carry the meaning; leaf order on the page does not.

highlighted = computed this step

Lower joins mean more similar

A node's height tells how far apart its members are. W and X join lowest, at height 1, so they are the most similar pair in this tree.

h(W,X)=1h(W,X)=1
UPGMA treeThe dendrogram is recomputed from the distance matrix.03WX1Y2Z3

Leaf order is not distance

Z joins last, at height 3, so it is most distant from the rest. The left-to-right leaf order is just a drawing choice; heights and topology carry the meaning.

h(WXYZ)=3h(WXYZ)=3
UPGMA treeThe dendrogram is recomputed from the distance matrix.03WX1Y2Z3