A fixed-flow channel needs several area-speed rows before the inverse trade is visible. Exact arithmetic here means exact results for the stated model inputs; measured inputs still carry uncertainty and significant-figure limits.

highlighted = computed this step

A small inlet area needs faster upstream speed

Hold downstream area at 6 square metres and downstream speed at 1 m/s. Upstream area 2 square metres needs speed 3 m/s to keep flow 6 cubic metres per second.

Aupvup=2 m23 m/s=6 m3/sA_{\text{up}}v_{\text{up}}=2\ \text{m}^{2}\cdot3\ \text{m}/\text{s}=6\ \text{m}^{3}/\text{s}
Continuity budgetFlow before and after the channel change is checked.areaspeedareaspeed

A larger inlet area lowers the needed speed

Upstream area 3 square metres uses speed 2 m/s. The downstream side stays fixed, so the checked flow remains 6 cubic metres per second.

Aupvup=3 m22 m/s=6 m3/sA_{\text{up}}v_{\text{up}}=3\ \text{m}^{2}\cdot2\ \text{m}/\text{s}=6\ \text{m}^{3}/\text{s}
Continuity budgetFlow before and after the channel change is checked.areaspeedareaspeed

Three rows make the inverse trade visible

Upstream area 6 square metres pairs with speed 1 m/s. This is an incompressible flow budget only; it does not model pressure drop or sample-wall chemistry.

Aupvup=6 m21 m/s=6 m3/sA_{\text{up}}v_{\text{up}}=6\ \text{m}^{2}\cdot1\ \text{m}/\text{s}=6\ \text{m}^{3}/\text{s}
Continuity budgetFlow before and after the channel change is checked.areaspeedareaspeed