Equal-looking copied spots are rejected unless the checked source matches. Exact arithmetic here means exact results for the stated model inputs; measured inputs still carry uncertainty and significant-figure limits.

highlighted = computed this step

Duplicate spots are not evidence

The helper rejects duplicate reciprocal addresses before a lesson can render.

(2,2) cannot appear twice in one checked map(2,2)\text{ cannot appear twice in one checked map}
X-ray reflection ledgerThe Miller spacing, Bragg path, and projected reciprocal spot share one source.spacingspacingplane familyhkl=2,2,1spot=2,2d=5 mlambda=6 mpath=6 maccepted=1planeplanepath: 6 m

A stale projected address fails the ledger

If the displayed family is 2,2,1, the cited projected address must stay 2,2.

(2,2,1)(2,2)(2,2,1)\mapsto(2,2)
X-ray reflection ledgerThe Miller spacing, Bragg path, and projected reciprocal spot share one source.spacingspacingplane familyhkl=2,2,1spot=2,2d=5 mlambda=6 mpath=6 maccepted=1planeplanepath: 6 m