Three exact reflections show the same angle rule across different plane spacings. Exact arithmetic here means exact results for the stated model inputs; measured inputs still carry uncertainty and significant-figure limits.

highlighted = computed this step

Row 1: spacing sets the Bragg path

Keep the ray triangle fixed at sine 3/5. A spacing of 5 m gives a checked extra path of 6 m.

2dsinθ=25 m35=6 m2d\sin\theta=2\cdot5\ \text{m}\cdot\frac{3}{5}=6\ \text{m}
X-ray reflection ledgerThe Miller spacing, Bragg path, and projected reciprocal spot share one source.spacingspacingplane familyhkl=1,0,0spot=1,0d=5 mlambda=6 mpath=6 maccepted=1planeplanepath: 6 m

Row 2: spacing sets the Bragg path

Keep the ray triangle fixed at sine 3/5. A spacing of 10 m gives a checked extra path of 12 m.

2dsinθ=210 m35=12 m2d\sin\theta=2\cdot10\ \text{m}\cdot\frac{3}{5}=12\ \text{m}
X-ray reflection ledgerThe Miller spacing, Bragg path, and projected reciprocal spot share one source.spacingspacingplane familyhkl=2,1,2spot=2,1d=10 mlambda=12 mpath=12 maccepted=1planeplanepath: 12 m

Row 3: spacing sets the Bragg path

Keep the ray triangle fixed at sine 3/5. A spacing of 15 m gives a checked extra path of 18 m.

2dsinθ=215 m35=18 m2d\sin\theta=2\cdot15\ \text{m}\cdot\frac{3}{5}=18\ \text{m}
X-ray reflection ledgerThe Miller spacing, Bragg path, and projected reciprocal spot share one source.spacingspacingplane familyhkl=2,2,1spot=2,2d=15 mlambda=18 mpath=18 maccepted=1planeplanepath: 18 m