Several measured and blank pairs show that net signal is computed, not assumed. Exact arithmetic here means exact results for the stated model inputs; measured inputs still carry uncertainty and significant-figure limits.

highlighted = computed this step

Blank subtraction turns eighteen into twelve

Measured signal 18 includes blank 6, so the net sample signal is 12.

18=6+1218=6+12
Background subtractionMeasured signal is corrected by the checked blank.measuredblanknet

A different blank changes the same measured scale

Measured signal 20 with blank 5 leaves net 15. This row uses the same checked subtraction rule.

20=5+1520=5+15
Background subtractionMeasured signal is corrected by the checked blank.measuredblanknet

Higher measured and blank still close exactly

Measured signal 24 and blank 8 close at net 16. Three rows make the background rule visible.

24=8+1624=8+16
Background subtractionMeasured signal is corrected by the checked blank.measuredblanknet