Five real read intervals (scenario: lmbio interval coverage) give a naive average depth of one full genome-width of reads, but a real overlap and a real gap leave real breadth-of-coverage strictly below that ratio. Exact arithmetic here means exact results for the stated model inputs; measured inputs still carry uncertainty and significant-figure limits.

highlighted = computed this step

The naive average-depth ratio says the genome is fully covered

A real genome region is 40 bases. Five real sequencing reads, each 8 bases, sum to 40 read-bases, giving naive average depth 1 times — by that ratio alone, the genome looks fully covered.

58/40=15\cdot8/40=1
Real reads leave a real gap despite full average depthThe five real read intervals overlap once and leave one real gap.average depth=1x (naive)real covered=38/40 = 19/20 (lmbio interval coverage)

The real placement leaves a real gap the ratio cannot see

A real lmbio interval-coverage computation on the actual read positions finds only 38 of 40 bases genuinely touched by a read — real breadth 19/20, strictly below the naive average-depth ratio. One real overlap and one real gap cancel in the average but not in the real union.

38/40=1920<138/40=\frac{19}{20}<1
Real reads leave a real gap despite full average depthThe five real read intervals overlap once and leave one real gap.average depth=1x (naive)real covered=38/40 = 19/20 (lmbio interval coverage)