Holding bead displacement fixed while stiffness changes turns the trap-force rule into three exact rows. Exact arithmetic here means exact results for the stated model inputs; measured inputs still carry uncertainty and significant-figure limits.

highlighted = computed this step

One-newton-per-metre trap gives three newtons

Hold displacement at 3 metres. Stiffness 1 newton per metre gives force 3 newtons back toward the trap center.

13=31\cdot3=3
Trap force ledgerMeasured bead displacement and calibrated stiffness set restoring force.trapbeaddisplacementforce

Doubling stiffness doubles the restoring force

The bead stays at the same 3 metre displacement. Stiffness 2 newtons per metre gives force 6 newtons.

23=62\cdot3=6
Trap force ledgerMeasured bead displacement and calibrated stiffness set restoring force.trapbeaddisplacementforce

Three stiffness rows make the force scale visible

With stiffness 3 newtons per metre and the same displacement, the restoring force is 9 newtons. The arrows grow by the same factor as stiffness.

33=93\cdot3=9
Trap force ledgerMeasured bead displacement and calibrated stiffness set restoring force.trapbeaddisplacementforce