A calibrated cantilever reads force through a checked deflection. Exact arithmetic here means exact results for the stated model inputs; measured inputs still carry uncertainty and significant-figure limits.
highlighted = computed this step
Cantilever deflection is measured from the base
The base is at 0 metres and the tip is at 4 metres.
4−0=4
Stiffness converts deflection to force
Stiffness 3 newtons per metre times deflection 4 metres gives 12 newtons.