Holding the endpoint signals fixed while distance changes exposes the gradient ratio. Exact arithmetic here means exact results for the stated model inputs; measured inputs still carry uncertainty and significant-figure limits.

highlighted = computed this step

Three metres gives four per metre

Hold endpoint signals at 6 and 18. Separation 3 m gives gradient 4 per metre.

12/3=412/3=4
Signal gradient ledgerEndpoint signals and separation determine a signed gradient.gradient618

Four metres gives three per metre

The signal difference stays 12. With separation 4 m, the gradient is 3 per metre.

12/4=312/4=3
Signal gradient ledgerEndpoint signals and separation determine a signed gradient.gradient618

Six metres gives two per metre

At separation 6 m, the same endpoint difference gives gradient 2 per metre. The rows show inverse distance directly.

12/6=212/6=2
Signal gradient ledgerEndpoint signals and separation determine a signed gradient.gradient618