Fixed run counts keep the bias fraction constant while run length changes displacement. Exact arithmetic here means exact results for the stated model inputs; measured inputs still carry uncertainty and significant-figure limits.

highlighted = computed this step

One-metre runs give two metres of net shift

Hold counts at 5 forward and 3 backward runs. Run length 1 m gives net displacement 2 m and bias fraction 1/4.

21=2,142\cdot1=2,\quad\frac{1}{4}
Biased run ledgerForward minus backward runs moves the mean in this count model.net displacement531/4

Two-metre runs give four metres

The same count ledger keeps bias fraction 1/4. Run length 2 m gives net displacement 4 m.

22=4,142\cdot2=4,\quad\frac{1}{4}
Biased run ledgerForward minus backward runs moves the mean in this count model.net displacement531/4

Three-metre runs give six metres

Run length 3 m gives net displacement 6 m. The row is a deterministic count-and-length ledger.

23=6,142\cdot3=6,\quad\frac{1}{4}
Biased run ledgerForward minus backward runs moves the mean in this count model.net displacement531/4