Changing excess forward runs shows bias fraction and net displacement together. Exact arithmetic here means exact results for the stated model inputs; measured inputs still carry uncertainty and significant-figure limits.

highlighted = computed this step

One excess forward run gives two metres

Forward runs 4 and backward runs 3 leave one excess run. With run length 2 m, net displacement is 2 m.

12=2,171\cdot2=2,\quad\frac{1}{7}
Biased run ledgerForward minus backward runs moves the mean in this count model.net displacement431/7

Two excess forward runs give four metres

Forward runs rise to 5 while backward runs stay 3. The bias fraction is 1/4 and net displacement is 4 m.

22=4,142\cdot2=4,\quad\frac{1}{4}
Biased run ledgerForward minus backward runs moves the mean in this count model.net displacement531/4

Three excess forward runs give six metres

With 6 forward and 3 backward runs, bias becomes 1/3 and net displacement reaches 6 m.

32=6,133\cdot2=6,\quad\frac{1}{3}
Biased run ledgerForward minus backward runs moves the mean in this count model.net displacement631/3